Shams al-Ma'arif al-Kubra (often shortened to Shams al-Ma'arif ) is a 13th-century Arabic text on letter magic, astrology, numerology, and spirit conjuration. Authored by Ahmad bin Ali al-Buni, it is considered one of the most powerful and dangerous works in the Islamic esoteric tradition, known as ‘ilm al-huruf (the science of letters) and sīmiyā' (spiritual alchemy).
Shams al-Ma'arif al-Kubra (The Sun of Knowledge, the Greater) is a medieval Arabic grimoire attributed to Ahmad al-Buni (d. c. 1225–1226). It’s a foundational text in the Western Islamic occult tradition, covering talismans, astrology, numerology (abjad), mystical letters and names of God, and methods for invoking spiritual influences. The work blends neoplatonic and Islamic esoteric ideas with practical ritual techniques; historically it circulated in manuscript form and later printed editions, and has been influential (and controversial) across North Africa, the Middle East, and beyond. Shams Al Maarif Al Kubra.pdf
The book emphasizes the importance of timing, using planetary alignments and lunar phases to determine the most auspicious moments for creating talismans or performing rituals. The work blends neoplatonic and Islamic esoteric ideas
Shams Al Maarif Al Kubra has had a profound impact on Islamic thought and spirituality, influencing various Sufi orders, Islamic scholars, and esoteric traditions. Some notable aspects of its influence include: the Middle East
Shams Al Maarif Al Kubra has faced criticism and controversy throughout its history, primarily due to its perceived emphasis on magical and esoteric practices. Some critics have accused al-Buni of promoting illicit or heretical ideas, while others have questioned the book's attribution to him.