Historically, tensions between the Dayak and Madura communities have been present, fueled by differences in culture, economy, and politics. The Dayak, traditionally reliant on agriculture and hunting, felt threatened by the Madura's expansion into the region, which they perceived as encroaching on their ancestral lands. The Madura, known for their entrepreneurial spirit and agricultural expertise, were seen as outsiders by the Dayak, leading to resentment and mistrust.