: Bassnett rejects literal word-for-word accuracy, advocating for "functional equivalence"—achieving the same effect and meaning in the target language as in the original.
: This theory posits that "no translation is ever innocent". Every translation is a form of rewriting influenced by the translator’s own ideology, politics, and historical era. translation history and culture susan bassnett pdf
, focusing on word-for-word equivalence and linguistic fidelity. Bassnett argued that translation is not a "neutral conduit" but a process deeply embedded in —the study of signs and cultural systems. Translation History And Culture Susan Bassnett - CLaME : Bassnett rejects literal word-for-word accuracy