A dense urban eNodeB may handle hundreds of HO events per minute. HMon must aggregate without overloading the CPU. UPD can use sliding windows and incremental learning.
, where standard firmware might restrict band selection or antenna control. using this software?
For a UE moving at velocity ( v ) (km/h), the Doppler shift ( f_d = (v \cdot f_c)/c ) (e.g., at 2.6 GHz, v=300 km/h → ( f_d \approx 722 ) Hz). Fast fading causes RSRP to change by >15 dB within 100 ms. An UPD of 200 ms therefore misses the optimal handover trigger window.
